Maneuvering thruster

From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference.

Maneuvering thrusters (often referred to as simply thrusters) were used by starships and other spacecraft to make precise movements in lieu of primary impulse or warp engine use. The thrusters were low-power reaction control jets that could be used for fine positional and attitudinal control, including station-keeping. They were most typically used in docking or similar maneuvers. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)

All reaction-based technologies operate on the Newtonian principal of the "Law of Inertia": that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This is similar in some ways to impulse engine technologies and thrusters were sometimes called impulse thrusters or impulse jets. (DS9: "Rocks and Shoals"; TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint", "Coming of Age")

On a Constitution-class refit, the maneuvering thrusters were placed along the outer edges of the hull. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture) In Starfleet during the 24th century, maneuvering thrusters were part of the reaction control system and were also placed in similar positions. (VOY: "The Cloud") These were typically placed in groups of four or "quads" on starships. (TNG: "Final Mission"; ENT: "Future Tense")

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The term "maneuvering thrusters" was initially used in Star Trek: The Motion Picture. It was never heard in TOS or TAS.